44bc: Julius Caesar is assassinated by Brutus, Cassius and other nobles

44bc: Queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion.

45bc: In his last victory, Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey
the Younger in the Battle of Munda

45bc: Jan 1 The Julian calendar takes effect for the first time

46bc: Sep 26 Julius Caesar dedicates a temple to his mythical ancestor Venus Genetrix in accordance
with a vow he made at the battle of Pharsalus

46bc: Apr 6 Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato (Cato the Younger)
in the battle of Thapsus

46bc: Jan 4 Julius Caesar defeats Titus Labienus in the Battle of Ruspina

47bc: Pharaoh Ptolemy XV of Egypt (d. 30 BC)

48bc: Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt.

49bc: Julius Caesar's general Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas
River by the Numidians under Publius Attius Varus and King Juba of Numidia. Curio commits suicide
to avoid capture.

55bc: Roman forces under Julius Caesar invade Britain

61bc: Pompey the Great celebrates his third triumph for victories over the pirates and the end of
the Mithridatic Wars on his 45th birthday

63bc: Assyrians record total solar eclipse event on clay tablet

63bc: Augustus Caesar is born (63bc-14ad)

63bc: Marcus Agrippa is born

65bc: Horace is born (65bc-8bc)

68bc: Battle of Artaxata: Lucullus averts the bad omen of this day by defeating Tigranes the Great
of Armenia.

70bc: Virgil is born (70bc-19bc).

83bc: Mark Antony is born (83bc-30bc).

86bc: Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army, enters Athens, removing the
tyrant Aristion who was supported by troops of Mithridates VI of Pontus

100bc: Julius Caesar is born (100bc-44bc).

105bc: Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius
Maximus

106bc: Cicero and Pompey-the-Great are born.

141bc: Liu Che, posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne of the Han Dynasty in
China and rules for 54 years

164bc: During Maccabbean revolt Judas Maccabaeus recaptures Jersusalem and rededicates the Second
Temple, commemorated since as Jewish festival Hanukkah

168bc: Battle of Pydna: Romans under Lucius Aemilius Paullus defeat and capture Macedonian King
Perseus, ending the Third Macedonian War

195bc: Gaozu of Han, Emperor of China (202-195 BC), founder of Han Dynasty

196bc: Ptolemy V ascends to the throne of Egypt

202bc: Coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place, initiating four centuries
of the Han Dynasty's rule over China

202bc: Battle of Zama: Hannibal Barca and the Carthaginian army are defeated by Roman legions under
Scipio Africanus, ending 2nd Punic War

215bc: A temple, built on the Capitoline Hill, is dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the
Roman defeat at Lake Trasimene

216bc: Hannibal's forces kill or capture 50,000 Romans in the battle of Cannae

216bc: Second Punic War: Battle of Cannae - Carthaginian army lead by Hannibal defeats numerically
superior Roman army under command consuls Lucius Aemilius Paullus and Gaius Terentius Varro

217bc: Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom

218bc: Second Punic War: Battle of the Trebia - Hannibal's Carthaginian army heavily defeat Roman
forces on Italian soil

236bc: Scipio Africanus, Roman statesman and general of the Second Punic War is born (d. 183 BC)

240bc: Eratosthenes estimates circumference of Earth