1300: May 24 King Philip IV occupies Flanders, Earl Gwijde captured

1291: May 10 Scottish nobles recognize authority of English King Edward I

1291: May 18 Mamluk Sultan Al-Ashraf Khalil and his forces take the last Christian stronghold of
Acre

1291: Jun 17 After 200 years of crusader control, Acre is the last crusader stronghold reconquered
and destroyed by the Mamluks under Sultan al-Ashraf Khalil

1291: Jul 31 Egyptian Mamelukken occupies Akko, crusaders driven out of Palestine

1291: Aug 1 Everlasting League forms, basis of Swiss Confederation (Independence)

1291: Nov 28 Eleanor of Castile, wife of King Edward I of England, dies in Northamptonshire. Crosses
are erected where her body rests on the way to London

1289: first documented use of eyeglasses (spectacles) Italy

1281: Feb 22 Simon de Brion elected Pope Martinus IV

1281: May 27 Flemish Earl Gwijde Dampierre takes financial responsibility of Brugge

1278: 680 Jews arrested (293 hanged) in England for counterfeiting coins

1271: Dec 18 Kublai Khan renames his empire "Yuan", marking the start of the Yuan Dynasty of China

1270: Oct 30 The Eighth Crusade and siege of Tunis ended by agreement between Charles I of Sicily
(brother to King Louis IX of France, who had died months earlier) and the sultan of Tunis.

1261: Jul 25 Constantinople recaptured by Nicaean forces under Alexios Strategopoulos for Emperor
Michael VIII, re-establishing Byzantine Empire